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Preliminary list of languages and contributors (APiCS)

 
     
     
 

America/Caribbean

 

 

English-based

 

 

Bahamian Creole Stephanie Hackert

Gullah

Thomas Klein

Jamaican Creole

Joseph Farquharson

San Andrés Creole Angela Bartens

Vincentian Creole

Paola Prescod

St. Kitts (+Nevis) Creole

Philip Baker

Barbadian Creole (Bajan)

Donald Winford

Trinidad Creole (English)

Susanne Mühleisen

Belizean Creole Geneviève Escure

Sranan (18th century)

Adrienne Bruyn & Margot van den Berg

Saramaccan

Enoch Aboh & Norval Smith & Tonjes Veenstra

Eastern Maroon Creoles

Bettina Migge

Guyanese Creole Hubert Devonish

African American English Vernacular (Earlier)

Edgar Schneider

   

French-based

 

Louisiana Creole

Ingrid Neumann-Holzschuh & Tom Klingler

Haitian Creole

Dominique Fattier

Guadeloupe Creole

Ralph Ludwig

Guyana Creole (French)

Stefan Pfänder

 

 

Spanish-based

 

Palenquero

Armin Schwegler

Papiamentu

Silvia Kouwenberg

 

 

Dutch-based

 

Negerhollands (extinct) Cefas van Rossem

Berbice Dutch

Silvia Kouwenberg

 

 

Africa and Indian Ocean

 

 

English-based

 

Early West African Pidgin English (18th-19th century) Magnus Huber
Pichi Kofi Yakpo

Nigerian Pidgin

Nicholas Faraclas & Charles Mann

Gambian Krio (Aku) Sulayman Njie

Ghanaian Pidgin

Magnus Huber

Sierra Leone Krio Malcolm Awadajin Finney

 

 

French-based

 

Reunion Creole

Annegret Bollée

Mauritian Creole

Philip Baker & Sibylle Kriegel

Seychelles Creole

Susanne Michaelis & Marcel Rosalie

Français tirailleur

Mikael Parkvall

 

 

Dutch-based

 

Afrikaans

Hans den Besten

 

 

Portuguese-based

 

Cape Verdean Creole

Marlyse Baptista, Jürgen Lang

Guiné-Bissau Creole

John Holm & Incanha Intumbo
& Liliana Inverno

São Tomé Creole

Tjerk Hagemeijer

Angolar

Philippe Maurer

Principense

Philippe Maurer

 

 

African/Arabic-based

 

Kinubi (Mombasa)

Xavier Luffin

Kituba

Salikoko Mufwene

Sango

William Samarin

Fanakalo

Raj Mesthrie

 

 

India/Asia/Australia

 

 

 

English-based

 

Chinese Pidgin English (extinct)

Philip Baker

Tok Pisin

Geoff Smith

Bislama

Miriam Meyerhoff

Hawaiian Creole English

Viveka Velupillai

Singlish

Umberto Ansaldo & Lisa Lim

Roper River Creole

Eva Schultze-Berndt

   

French-based

 

Tayo

Sabine Ehrhart & Karin Speedy

   

Portuguese-based

 

Korlai Creole Portuguese

Clancy Clements

Daman Creole Portuguese   Clancy Clements

Papia Kristang

Alan Baxter

Macanese Creole

Alan Baxter

Batavia Creole Philippe Maurer
Bombay Creole (19th century) Philippe Maurer

 

 

Spanish-based

 

Zamboangeño

Patrick Steinkrüger

Ternateño

Eeva Sippola

 

 

 

 

Asian-Austronesian-based

 

Pidgin Fijian

Jeff Siegel

Pidgin Hindustani

Jeff Siegel

Sri Lanka Malay Peter Slomanson
Baba Malay Umberto Ansaldo & Lisa Lim

 

 

Papuan-based

 

Yimas-Arafundi Pidgin

William Foley

 

 

Based on other languages

 

Russian PC

Dieter Stern

Eskimo Pidgin Hein van der Voort

Chinook Jargon

Anthony Grant

Michif Peter Bakker
 
     
     
     
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Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology - Department of Linguistics